50 years ago, physics underwent a major revolution

50 Years Ago

Particle Physics

50 years ago, physics underwent a major revolution

Excerpt from the November 23, 1974 issue of Science News

Physicist Samuel Ting points at equations on a blackboard that describe the subatomic particle J/psi.

Physicists Samuel Ting (shown) and Burton Richter independently discovered the subatomic particle J/psi in 1974. It quickly led to more discoveries that confirmed quarks are fundamental building blocks of matter.

Everett Collection/Alamy

A surprising new particleScience News, November 23, 1974

To add to the present ferment and confusion in particle physics, nature now presents the oddest new particle to turn up in many years…. Theorists are at a loss for the moment about what to do with it…. The new particle is the heaviest yet found … and its lifetime of 10-18 seconds … is long for a particle of that mass. There must be some unheard of kind of structure to keep the particle together for so long.

Update

The newfound subatomic particle, called J/psi, could be explained only as a mash-up of a new type of quark, the charm quark, and its antimatter counterpart. This discovery, known as the November revolution, spurred others that finally confirmed that quarks are fundamental building blocks of matter — a cornerstone of the standard model of particle physics (SN: 4/8/21). J/psi still perplexes scientists. For instance, researchers with the ATLAS experiment, a particle detector at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider near Geneva, are working to figure out how exactly the particles are produced in high-energy proton smashups.

Cassie Martin

About Cassie Martin

Cassie Martin is a deputy managing editor. She has a bachelor’s degree in molecular genetics from Michigan State University and a master’s degree in science journalism from Boston University.

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